Solar panels take the energy from the sun and send it down through a charge controller where it will eventually recharge the batteries in your Camper Electrical system.
Also, we have interactive solar wiring diagrams that are
“How many solar panels do I need to power a camper”?
First off… Stop thinking in ‘number of solar panels’. Solar panels are measured in watts. There are 100, 170, 200, 225, 265, 300, 335, and 360 watt solar panels.
I missed a few, but the point is, there are MANY different sizes of solar panels on the market and 3,
So: The number of solar panels doesn’t matter.
What DOES matter is the total wattage of the entire solar panel array, which is the wattage of the individual solar panel multiplied by the number of solar panels you have.
How Many Watts of Solar Panels are Needed to Power a Camper?
Now that you are thinking in terms of the size of the solar panel array, it’s time to determine how many WATTS of solar panels you need.
You’ve already figured out how many amp hours of batteries you need from your solar power audit. We will be working off of that number. More specifically, we will be working off of the USABLE amp hours of your batteries.
Your batteries should be sized for your electrical demands. Your solar panels should be sized to recharge your batteries.
*Don’t think about your solar panels running your electrical devices. Your BATTERIES run your devices. Your Solar Panels re-charge your batteries*
How Many Watts of Solar Panels do I need to Recharge my Batteries?
- 100 Amp Hours of Useable Power from a battery contains roughly 1280 watts of power (100ah x 12.8 volts = 1280 watts of power)
- The average hours of sunlight per day in the continental US
is 6 hours. - A battery holds about (100ah x 12.8 volts =) 1280 watts of power roughly.
- To charge
- 100 Amp Hours (useable) or 1280 watts of battery in 6 hours, you will need 213 watts of solar panels. (213 watts of solar X 6 hours = 1280 watts of stored power)
Key Takeaway: Estimate 200 watts of solar panels per 100 amp hours of useable battery capacity (100Ah Lithium or 200Ah AGM). BUT KNOW THIS: More solar panels are just going to charge your battery faster, or more adequately in low light conditions. If you have 400 watts of solar, you will charge twice as fast. Increasing the number of solar panels will also help compensate on cloudy days.
Key Takeaway #2: If you want more battery capacity than you have roof space for solar panels, that’s fine! You will
Spare me the labor and just give me the baby:
I recommend 200 watts of solar panels per 100 useable amp hours of batteries as a base guideline.
Once you know the total wattage you need, you can divide the total wattage up into the individual solar panels you would like, which will likely be based on roof space available.
Common Battery & Solar Panel Combos
- 100Ah AGM Battery & 1 x 100 watt solar panel
- 200Ah AGM Battery & 2 x
100 watt solar panel - 200Ah AGM Battery & 2 x
175 watt solar panel - 200Ah AGM Battery & 1 x
300 watt solar panel - 100Ah Lithium Battery & 2 x 175 watt solar panel
- 100Ah Lithium Battery & 1 x
300 watt solar panel - 200Ah Lithium Battery & 3 x
175 watt solar panel - 200Ah Lithium Battery & 2 x
300 watt solar panel - 300Ah Lithium Battery & 4 x
175 watt solar panel - 300Ah Lithium Battery & 2 x
300 watt solar panel - 400Ah Lithium Battery & 5 x
175 watt solar panel - 400Ah Lithium Battery & 3 x
300 watt solar panel - 500Ah Lithium Battery & 6 x
175 watt solar panel - 500Ah Lithium Battery & 4 x
300 watt solar panel - 600Ah Lithium Battery & 7 x
175 watt solar panel - 600Ah Lithium Battery & 4 x
300 watt solar panel - Systems bigger than 600Ah & 1200 watts are still completely doable but are uncommon.
Now that you know how many and what kind of solar panels you need for your DIY Camper Van electrical system, it’s time to learn if you should wire your solar panels in series or parallel (and why we recommend series in 90% of scenarios). Check that out here:
https://www.explorist.life/solar-panels-series-vs-parallel/
Everything that you are learning here is put to use in our FREE Interactive Solar Wiring Diagrams. If you haven’t yet, check them out as they are a complete solution for a camper van electrical system. Check them out here: https://www.explorist.life/solarwiringdiagrams/
Remember, this is just one part of a full camper van electrical educational series. To see all of the individual guides, click here: https://www.explorist.life/diy-campervan-solar
54 Responses
What’s the best battery to get there is so many out there and they’re so high priced so I heard there’s a new battery out that and I don’t know if it’s being manufactured yet or not but so what’s the best battery to get and how many
I recommend Battle Born batteries. They are a great battery, but more importantly, they have phenomenal customer service that will be there for you when something goes wrong. Check the wiring diagrams at https://www.explorist.life/solarwiringdiagrams to see how these look in a full system.
For ‘how many’, you need to do a power audit. Here is a tutorial for that: https://www.explorist.life/what-size-of-solar-system-is-needed-to-power-a-camper/
It nice to read an article that cuts to the chase and gets right to facts and knowledge that is being shared to allow the rest of us an easier, trouble free installation the first time around instead of the learn by trial and error that we have experienced at some point in our lives. As they say, ” knowledge is power” and for those looking to know more on solar system set ups, this is one article I’d suggest that person read before they start their venture.
Glad it helps. 🙂 🙂
I already have a 100 W panel and I was wondering if I can mix them and buy another one with the highest amount of watts that I can get (175w) with the same dimensions at the 100 watts I now own. So I would have a 100w, a 175w and another 175w.. Will that work?
Here is a video that will teach you how to figure out if that setup will work: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jejro4zkl8I
Hey guys I just jumped into my solar system education rabbit hole today and I am this far into it. I just wanted to say that your links on this page to a 300W solar panel takes you to a 175W panel. I’m unsure if you’re recommending to buy two 175W panels to make the 300 or if the links have just changed over time. Thanks for all this great info it is very helpful. I am doing a small system in a 1995 Ford Econoline that I purchased a few weeks ago. My first build! @scarlettjovanson
The links have likely just changed over time, depending on which one you are looking at. All of the solar panel links on the wiring diagrams here should be accurate, though: https://www.explorist.life/solarwiringdiagrams
Hey Nate,
I am looking at mounting my panels over my two maxxair fans, such as you did. Do you have any information about how you customized your Aluminess rack to make this work? I’m not finding any other solutions.
Thanks,
Tim
I’ve been working through this in order to add solar to my camper/RV.
I need 130 Ah of solar, based on your spreadsheet.
The spreadsheet recommends I get 300 Ah of AGM batteries and 400 W of solar.
I was a little confused. ~130 rounded up (to the nearest 50) is 150. Since I’ll use AGM batteries, than means I need 300 Ah (since I shouldn’t cycle below 50%). This far I follow. But I wasn’t sure why it recommends 400 W of solar panels.
This (https://www.explorist.life/how-many-solar-panels-are-needed-to-power-a-camper/) article made me think I need double the battery capacity. So since I’ll deplete the batteries by 150 Ah, wouldn’t I need 150 W of panels?
I noticed you used different calculations in those cells, one is CEILING and one is ROUNDUP. I wondered if it doesn’t work accurately if my input (Amp hours a day) rounds to a 50 and not a 100. Or whether it is intentional? The reason being if I change my power consumptions to add up to say 160 Ah, then it tells me I need 400 Ah of AGM and 400 Watts of solar, which I’d expect.
Any wisdom/corrections greatly appreciated,
And thanks again for the great resource,
This spreadsheet rounds your battery bank capacity UP to the nearest 100Ah. So…200Ah in your case.
The solar array is based on Amp Hours of Lithium battery bank capacity * 2 = Solar array wattage; so 400W of solar panels in your case.
Hi, I may have over looked the answer to my question in the comments section. If so I apologize. Can you mix and match different wattage solar panels in order to maximize roof coverage on your van?
Thanks, Jim
Hey James! I just released a blog post talking about that concern specifically. Here is a link to that: https://www.explorist.life/using-mismatched-solar-panel-sizes/
Hi Nate…I’m slowly putting together a 400 watt solar panel array together and will be buying a 100 AH battery to go with the 2 50AH batteries for a small back up solar system that can provide me a little wheb the grid goes down. I have a HQST
30 Amp PWM charge controller and a 750 watt inverter..(the biggest I can afford).. since my charge controllet has a max of 480 watts imput I’m guessing running the panels in parallel so I get 400 watts and ove 20 amps for charging…does that just about sound correct?…Thank you!
You’ll likely have to run your panels in parallel to ensure the array stays within the voltage parameters of your PWM charge controller.
Hello, a very good site you have!
But one question about LiFePo Batteries. I read that they should do not become colder then 0°C.
Is that right? Does it mean i can not put this kind of batteries in a Van that is parking some days in a freezing winter condition?
My Van has no diesek heater that could run all the time to prevnt them from freezing…
Thanks in advance
Cheers
S.
Check this out for my thoughts on Lithium batteres in sub-freezing temperatures: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USOWVAeb1H8
Thank you so much
This post, your videos and all your content is spot on. I found it very useful and informative.
quick question,
I have read online that Monocrystalline solar panels have an efficiency of 15%-20%. I was wondering if combo recommendations are for the stated wattage on the solar panels or the actual wattage needed ie, for 200W you’d need about 750 – 1000W of solar panels ?
That’s very much not true. You can absolutely get 200w out of a 200w solar panel. There are, indeed, ineffeciencies in solar panels, but if a panel says it’s a 200w panel, you can definitely expect 200w (or more if it’s cold) out of a 200w panel during good sun.
Nate,
What van is shown in the solar panel top down photo at the top of this page and what rack system did you use. What was the total capacity of that system
That’s our 170″ wheelbase sprinter with an Aluminess roof rack and this electrical system: https://www.explorist.life/600-amp-hour-875-watt-camper-van-solar-kit/
Hey! Quick Question! I have a list of things i want in my 2014 Promaster.
-about 5 led lights with 12v dimmer switch.
-fan on the roof
-to be able to plug in 2 laptops and 2 to 3 phones in USB port
Kitchen:
-A stove and sink with water pump
-A mini fridge
I was thinking of getting 2 100WATT solar panels. I feel like ill need more. also 2 deep cycle battiers….I NEED HELP!
You should start with performing a power audit. Here’s a tutorial for that: https://www.explorist.life/what-size-of-solar-system-is-needed-to-power-a-camper/ From there if you are still needing personalized help, here are my options for that: https://www.explorist.life/consulting
Hi, I was wondering why you write not to think of the solar panels running your appliances but the solar panels charging your batteries which run the appliances? It seems like when it’s daylight and you can run your appliances off the grid that would be your best bet. It seems it would also life on batteries and you wouldn’t be cycling them.
I write it like that because I think that’s the best way to convey my message. If you understand it the way you just described it to me, that’s fine, but I don’t like the way you described how this works and I think it would be confusing to those who I’m trying to educate. That’s why I worded it like I did.
My appliances need 230v, how can I generate this voltage from my solar panel to output at the inverter terminals?
You’d want to run it through your battery bank and use a 230v inverter. Here is a wiring diagram for a 120v system, but a 230v system would be similar: https://www.explorist.life/solarwiringdiagrams
In your diagrams you show the 15 amp circuit breaker going from solar array to solar controller with a positive and negative lead going into the breaker. one on each side…Is this correct? I just want to make sure. Is this because the solar panels are in series?
Yep, thats correct! It’s because the panels are ungrounded (basically).
So I have 4 x 236 amp hr wet cell deep cycle batteries. I assume I have approx 500 amp hrs at 12 volts approx 250 usable.
Was thinking of 2 x 300 watt panels maybe 3.
Thoughts. I will eventually move to lithium.
Yeah, 2 – 3 x 300w panels sounds good. I’ve got some of the more commonly recommended sizes of systems here: https://www.explorist.life/solarwiringdiagrams/
nate,
great blog. the best i’ve looked.
what does “useable amp hours” mean? is this the c20 rating for the battery? how do you come up with needing 200amp hours worth of battery capacity for say, my calculation, using your awesome calculation spreadsheet, of 84 amp hours/day?
i have two c20 66ah batteries in parallel, two 175w polycrystalline panels in series. i will use my sweet van only in the southwest. do i really need a third battery? there are so many variables that it gets confusing.
thanks for putting together this website.
We briefly covered useable amp hours in this post: https://www.explorist.life/choosing-a-solar-battery-bank-for-a-camper/
Finding single solar panels higher than 175 watts is a challenge. Where would you start looking?
We have some 300 watt panels recommended on our wiring diagrams at explorist.life/solarwiringdiagrams
Thanks so much for this amazing tutorial. I’m planning a conversion now and this is invaluable. I do have a question that Perhaps I missed the answer to. If so? I apologize. Do you recommend the flexible solar panels or the traditional panels?thanks again
When purchasing a solar panel do I need to be aware of volts (vmpp and voc) or do I just shop by wattage
For example https://www.civicsolar.com/product/ja-solar-365w-72-cell-1500v-slvwht-solar-panel-jam72s01-365pr this is what I’d like for a 500 ah lithium battery setup
This will answer that question: https://www.explorist.life/how-to-choose-a-solar-charge-controller-for-your-camper/
Question 2: If I want to replace Lithium Ion batteries in place of existing lead acid (house batteries) , how do I make sure I have appropriate charging from the alternator? Am I going to have to use “smart” Lithium Ion battery only specifically designed to drop in place of lead acid? Does that limit me to certain manufacturers?
Hey Rich! We actually have a blog post that gives some specifics of charging lithium from the alternator. You can find that one here: https://www.explorist.life/how-to-charge-diy-camper-van-batteries-with-vehicle-alternator/
Regarding manufacturers of batteries, that will depend greatly depending on the battery. With Battle Born Batteries, it’s pretty straightforward, but for a battery without an integrated BMS, it gets more complicated. So, your mileage may vary if you decide to go that direction.
My Super C cabin currently has 4 Lead acid batteries. 960 CCA each. They are the size of what would start a Tractor trailer (it is a tractor trailer chassis as well). They are not deep cycle. If I use the rule of thumb you wrote, that means I have ABOUT 550 AH of power. That seems optimistic to me. I want to upgrade to solar charging and swap over to Lithium Ion batteries. I have to do this in 2 stages for cost. I am going to set 400 AH LI as my end goal. I want to add solar charging first. For Cost, I thought I would start w 3 – 300w panels and purchase a MPPT unit. 3*300A (38.6 VOC 8.6A) 3*38.6 = 115.8 V
300*3w / 12.6 v = 71 a SO… A 150/70 MPPT is the way to go right?
Awesome! Sounds like a cool project. a 150/70 would indeed work, but as temperatures drop, you MAY have more output from your panels than a basic calculation will tell you. I dropped it into my solar controller calculator you can find on this page and it’s looking like the Victron SmartSolar MPPT 150 | 85 would actually suit your needs better.
Your site and videos have been life changing to our process! Thank you for sharing your knowledge! We have 2 100watt Renogy solar panels and plan to purchase one lithium battery from your combo link above. Our question is about the inverter. When looking at inverters from the site, the inverters start at 2000W with a heavy price tag. Is this because its primed for a much larger set up than we are working with and needing? We have a very tight budget, and top recommended inverters like the novopal 1000W Pure Sine Wave Power Inverter are very affordable. We don’t want to buy something cheap, but can’t afford to overpay for something not necessarily needed.
Of course, and great question. There is actually a sub-heading that should answer that question in this blog post under ‘cheap vs expensive inverters’: https://www.explorist.life/how-to-choose-an-inverter-for-your-diy-camper/
Thank you! We’ll check that out!
I want a massive setup with like like 1200 watts and 1200 Ah battery bank. Is that possible on a van? I know that you can charge with the alternator but what about carrying around a little honda generator when you aren’t traveling or an inverter generator, would that help charge up the battery bank also ? And how long would it take to charge them? Thanks
Yep! 1200-1300 is the most amount of watts I’ve seen on a van. You can go with more, but then you’re going to be getting into sliding/folding solar racks and such; but still completely doable. For batteries: You’ll have to take weight into consideration, but again; it’s still doable. With the proper amount of funds and effort, anything is possible. 🙂
Yep! Absolutely!
That depends on how depleted the batteries are, the size of your charger, and the size of your generator.
Under common battery and solar panel combos I dont see a 100 amp lithium and 200 watt solar combo. It looks like you recommend 100 amp and (2) 175 watt panels. The 100/200 combo would be enough, right? This info is awesome!
Yep! A 100Ah, 200w setup would be good as well!
I agree with the above comments…I have watched you two before, and are very imformative. Thank You. I plan to have 700-900 watts of solar because of Air conditioning, and yes, I found out, it can be done.. It can’t run 24/7 but with short downtime, use a small quite generator, and also it will charge off the engine (alternator)..I do not know the top van surface I will have on top exactly yet, but I need advise as to picking a few 300watt solar tops. versing smaller ones..I am thinking at the moment 2–300 watt on top..with 300watt on side with swing out bar to be horizontal like the roof…Any feedback would be helpful,,and again, you two have been extremely helpful in many aspects of Van life…Thank YOU both so much……
Bonnie
Nice! Sounds like a cool project! 🙂 🙂
Thanks for educating me within a short time.
I have learned more in 20 minutes reading this than all the youtube shows online,,thank you,,now,can you climb on ,my roof and install it?,,hahaha,,